Diagnosis typically involves B12 level testing, intrinsic factor antibody tests, and sometimes specialized absorption studies like the Schilling test
However, despite several computed tomography (CT) scan studies, no signs of brain atrophy have been conclusively demonstrated in therapeutic dose users, and even the results in high dose abusers are inconclusive
However, if you have multiple injury sites or simply prefer avoiding elbow injections, systemic abdominal administration remains a viable alternative
In the UK, self-administration of hydroxocobalamin injections is supported by the NHS following appropriate training and medical supervision
Symptoms develop gradually and may include: Hematological: Megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, weakness, pallor, shortness of breath, dizziness