Interplay between tight junctions & adherens junctions
Early evidence for the potential efficacy of this route was published in 1999, where 18 patients with B12 deficiency treated exclusively with 712 days of 2 mg of sublingual cobalamin daily had 4 times higher B12 levels compared to pre-treatment, reaching therapeutic ranges ( There have also been further studies comparing treatment outcomes from the sublingual route to the more established IM and oral routes
Similarly, examining how acute and/or repeated applications of neuropeptides affect expression of mucins (e.g., muc5AC, muc5B) in asthma, COPD, and CF would reveal a potentially causative role for neuropeptides in airway mucus phenotypes
This deficiency can arise from various factors, including inadequate dietary intake, impaired absorption, or certain medical conditions
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