58,59 It serves as a ligand for various receptor channels on the plasma membrane, including the zinc sensing receptor (ZnR/GPR39) that regulates neuronal excitation, 60 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, 61 -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, 62 voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC), 63 and -aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors
Research has found that stress hormones impair the production of glutathione in the mitochondrial by dramatically increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species formation or by increasing glutathione exchange between mitochondria and the cytosol
Palmer CN, Doney AS, Lee SP, Murrie I, Ismail T, Macgregor DF, et al
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282 Some of the hosts immune mechanisms may be impaired due to dysregulation of the lower respiratory tract, thus increasing the susceptibility of individuals to pneumonia