95% piperine)], anti-caking agents (E170, E470b, E551), bulking agent (E460(i)), maltodextrin, caffeine anhydrous, L-carnitine, choline bitartrate, L-tyrosine, niacin (nicotinic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride), chromium picolinate
The therapeutic advantages are ascribed to its varied pharmacological activities, which encompass anti-inflammatory, carminative, antiemetic, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, analgesic, stimulant, emmenagogue, and anticatarrhal properties [118,119,120]
doi: 10.3390/nu14112234 21 AgostiniDDonati ZeppaS
thus, research typically involves its use in an injectable formulation
10.3390/nu15214629 171